Won't flash using IDE 2.2.1

[bmentink]

Hi, I am trying to program LGTBF328P - MiniEVB nano board. I get the following error:

avrude error: protocol expects OK byte 0x10 but got 0xfc
avrdude error: unable to read signature data for part ATmega328P, rc=-3
avrdude error: unable to read signature data, rc=-3
Failed uploading: uploading error: exit status 1

Any idea's ?

[bmentink]

Update: I wonder if I got some bad boards. I have 5 boards, 3 program ok, 2 won't.

[hmeijdam]

You could try to use one of the working ones for attempting to burn the bootloader on one of the defective boards.

[bmentink]

You could try to use one of the working ones for attempting to burn the bootloader on one of the defective boards.

Can you show me how to connect the SPI pins? It is not clear from the board which ones connect to MOSI and MISO, CLK etc, seems to have a pin missing. Cheers (can only see SWC and SWD)

[hmeijdam]

You need LGTISP to burn the bootloader via SWD and SWC.

[bmentink]

Thanks, will give it a try.

[bmentink]

I loaded up a good LGT board with the LGTISP.ino sketch ok. However, when I go to program the bootloader to another LGT board connected with SWC,SWD etc it gives error.

avrdude error: programmer is out of sync
 ***failed;
avrdude error: programmer is out of sync
 ***failed;

I am somewhat confused as the instructions say to use AVR ISP as programmer, even though there is an " LGTSWD markii as ISP" option ??

[hmeijdam]

There is a LarduinoISP sketch amongst the examples. Did you compile and load that one?
It also mentions how to wire it up. You need to look at the right column under LGT8FX8P:

The LGTSWD Mark II is this one. Probably not what you have.

[bmentink]

You linked the github site, it only shows these files, no examples. Please be specific.

You show me an Arduino as ESP, in your example above, I am using LGT to program LGT. ARe the pin connections the same?

[hmeijdam]

This is the example I mean. It comes with this core.

[bmentink]

Right, you did not link that initially, now I understand. BUt the question remains, If I use LGT as ESP are the pin connections the same?

[hmeijdam]

LGT as ISP has these connections.

If that does not work, I will dig up my LGT's and hook them up. Has been a few years since I had to bootload one.

[bmentink]

I don't have those examples .... maybe I have the wrong LGT library?

I got the library from here:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dbuezas/lgt8fx/master/package_lgt8fx_index.json

[bmentink]

LGT as ISP has these connections. If that does not work, I will dig up my LGT's and hook them up. Has been a few years since I had to bootload one.

I don't have those names, please give the corresponding D8,D10) etc ..

[hmeijdam]

Well.... you are posting your question in the Github forum of the core I am using, so I assumed you will have the LarduinoISP as well. But apparently not

Here are the pins

[bmentink]

I have added the core I am using above, is it incorrect?

[hmeijdam]

That's the one I use.

[bmentink]

That's the one I use.

So why no examples?

[hmeijdam]

I honestly have no clue.
Here is the LarduinoISP sketch

// 20 July 2020 David Buezas
// - Bundled and added menu utility
// * When uploading to the programmer,
//   select in the menu: Tools/Arduino as ISP/SERIAL_RX_BUFFER_SIZE to 250)
// * Before using the ISP to program another board, 
//   connect (in the ISP board) the reset pin to gnd via a capacitor,
//   or (at your own risk) short reset to vcc.
// https://github.com/dbuezas/lgt8fx/
//
// author : brother_yan (https://github.com/brother-yan/LGTISP)
//
// LarduinoISP for LGT8FX8P series
// Project fork from
//    - ArduinoISP version 04m3
// Copyright (c) 2008-2011 Randall Bohn
// If you require a license, see 
//     http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
//
// This sketch turns the Arduino into a AVRISP
// using the following arduino pins:
//
// pin name:    Arduino:          LGT8FX8P:
// slave reset: 10:               PC6/RESET 
// SWD:         12:               PE2/SWD
// SWC:         13:               PE0/SCK
// Make sure to 
// Put an LED (with resistor) on the following pins:
// 9: Heartbeat   - shows the programmer is running
// 8: Error       - Lights up if something goes wrong (use red if that makes sense)
// 7: Programming - In communication with the slave
//
// 23 July 2011 Randall Bohn
// -Address Arduino issue 509 :: Portability of ArduinoISP
// http://code.google.com/p/arduino/issues/detail?id=509
//
// October 2010 by Randall Bohn
// - Write to EEPROM > 256 bytes
// - Better use of LEDs:
// -- Flash LED_PMODE on each flash commit
// -- Flash LED_PMODE while writing EEPROM (both give visual feedback of writing progress)
// - Light LED_ERR whenever we hit a STK_NOSYNC. Turn it off when back in sync.
// - Use pins_arduino.h (should also work on Arduino Mega)
//
// October 2009 by David A. Mellis
// - Added support for the read signature command
// 
// February 2009 by Randall Bohn
// - Added support for writing to EEPROM (what took so long?)
// Windows users should consider WinAVR's avrdude instead of the
// avrdude included with Arduino software.
//
// January 2008 by Randall Bohn
// - Thanks to Amplificar for helping me with the STK500 protocol
// - The AVRISP/STK500 (mk I) protocol is used in the arduino bootloader
// - The SPI functions herein were developed for the AVR910_ARD programmer 
// - More information at http://code.google.com/p/mega-isp

// LarduinoISP for LGTF8FX8P Series
#include "swd_lgt8fx8p.h"

#if SERIAL_RX_BUFFER_SIZE < 250 // 64 bytes的RX缓冲不够大
#error : Please change the macro SERIAL_RX_BUFFER_SIZE to 250 (In the menu: Tools/Arduino as ISP/SERIAL_RX_BUFFER_SIZE)
#endif

#define RESET	10
#define LED_HB    9
#define LED_ERR   8
#define LED_PMODE 7
#define PROG_FLICKER true

#define HWVER 3
#define SWMAJ 5
#define SWMIN 1

// STK Definitions
#define STK_OK      0x10
#define STK_FAILED  0x11
#define STK_UNKNOWN 0x12
#define STK_INSYNC  0x14
#define STK_NOSYNC  0x15
#define CRC_EOP     0x20 //ok it is a space...

void pulse(int pin, int times);

void setup() 
{
  SWD_init();
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  //pinMode(LED_PMODE, OUTPUT);
  //pulse(LED_PMODE, 2);
  //pinMode(LED_ERR, OUTPUT);
  //pulse(LED_ERR, 2);
  //pinMode(LED_HB, OUTPUT);
  //pulse(LED_HB, 2);
}

uint8_t error=0;
uint8_t pmode=0;

// address for reading and writing, set by 'U' command
int address;
uint8_t buff[256]; // global block storage

#define beget16(addr) (*addr * 256 + *(addr+1) )
typedef struct param {
  uint8_t devicecode;
  uint8_t revision;
  uint8_t progtype;
  uint8_t parmode;
  uint8_t polling;
  uint8_t selftimed;
  uint8_t lockbytes;
  uint8_t fusebytes;
  uint8_t flashpoll;
  uint16_t eeprompoll;
  uint16_t pagesize;
  uint16_t eepromsize;
  uint32_t flashsize;
}  parameter_t;
parameter_t param;

// this provides a heartbeat on pin 9, so you can tell the software is running.
uint8_t hbval=128;
uint8_t hbdelta=8;
void heartbeat() 
{
  if (hbval > 192) hbdelta = -hbdelta;
  if (hbval < 32) hbdelta = -hbdelta;
  hbval += hbdelta;
  analogWrite(LED_HB, hbval);
  delay(40);
}

void loop(void) 
{
  // is pmode active?
/*
  if (pmode) digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, HIGH); 
  else digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, LOW);
  // is taddress an error?
  if (error) digitalWrite(LED_ERR, HIGH); 
  else digitalWrite(LED_ERR, LOW);
*/
  // light the heartbeat LED
  //heartbeat();
  if (Serial.available()) 
    avrisp();
}

uint8_t getch() {
  while(!Serial.available());
  return Serial.read();
}

void fill(int n) 
{
  for (int x = 0; x < n; x++) {
    buff[x] = getch();
  }
}

#define PTIME 30
void pulse(int pin, int times) 
{
  do {
    digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);
    delay(PTIME);
    digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
    delay(PTIME);
  } 
  while (times--);
}

void prog_lamp(int state) 
{
  if (PROG_FLICKER)
    digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, state);
}

void empty_reply() 
{
  if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
    Serial.print((char)STK_INSYNC);
    Serial.print((char)STK_OK);
  } 
  else {
    error++;
    Serial.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
  }
}

void breply(uint8_t b) 
{
  if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
    Serial.print((char)STK_INSYNC);
    Serial.print((char)b);
    Serial.print((char)STK_OK);
  } 
  else {
    error++;
    Serial.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
  }
}

void get_version(uint8_t c) 
{
  switch(c) {
  case 0x80:
    breply(HWVER);
    break;
  case 0x81:
    breply(SWMAJ);
    break;
  case 0x82:
    breply(SWMIN);
    break;
  case 0x93:
    breply('S'); // serial programmer
    break;
  default:
    breply(0);
  }
}

void set_parameters() 
{
  // call this after reading paramter packet into buff[]
  param.devicecode = buff[0];
  param.revision   = buff[1];
  param.progtype   = buff[2];
  param.parmode    = buff[3];
  param.polling    = buff[4];
  param.selftimed  = buff[5];
  param.lockbytes  = buff[6];
  param.fusebytes  = buff[7];
  param.flashpoll  = buff[8]; 
  // ignore buff[9] (= buff[8])
  // following are 16 bits (big endian)
  param.eeprompoll = beget16(&buff[10]);
  param.pagesize   = beget16(&buff[12]);
  param.eepromsize = beget16(&buff[14]);

  // 32 bits flashsize (big endian)
  param.flashsize = buff[16] * 0x01000000
    + buff[17] * 0x00010000
    + buff[18] * 0x00000100
    + buff[19];

}

void start_pmode(uint8_t chip_erase) 
{
  digitalWrite(RESET, HIGH);
  pinMode(RESET, OUTPUT);
  delay(20);
  digitalWrite(RESET, LOW);
  
  SWD_init();
  SWD_Idle(10);
  
  pmode = SWD_UnLock(chip_erase);
  if (!pmode)
    pmode = SWD_UnLock(chip_erase);
}

void end_pmode()
{
  SWD_exit();
  pmode = 0;
  
  digitalWrite(RESET, HIGH);
  pinMode(RESET, INPUT);
}

void universal() 
{
  fill(4);

  if(buff[0] == 0x30 && buff[1] == 0x00) {
    switch(buff[2]) {
    case 0x00:
      breply(0x1e);
      break;
    case 0x01:
      breply(0x95);
      break;
    case 0x02:
      breply(0x0f);
      break;
    default:
      breply(0xff);
      break;  
    }
  } else if(buff[0] == 0xf0) {
    breply(0x00);
  } else {
    breply(0xff);
  }
}

void write_flash(int length) 
{
  fill(length);
  if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
    Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
    Serial.print((char) write_flash_pages(length));
  } 
  else {
    error++;
    Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
  }
}

uint8_t write_flash_pages(int length)
{
  int addr = address / 2;
  /*
  lgt8fx8p的flash是按4字节编址的，而avr是按2字节编址的，avrdude传过来的是按2字节编址的address
  avrisp()函数中也有证实：
  case 'U': // set address (word)
  */
  
  SWD_EEE_CSEQ(0x00, addr);
  SWD_EEE_CSEQ(0x84, addr);
  SWD_EEE_CSEQ(0x86, addr);
  
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 4)
    {
      SWD_EEE_Write(*((uint32_t *)(&buff[i])), addr);
      ++addr;
    }
  
  SWD_EEE_CSEQ(0x82, addr - 1);
  SWD_EEE_CSEQ(0x80, addr - 1);
  SWD_EEE_CSEQ(0x00, addr - 1);
  
  return STK_OK;
}

#define EECHUNK (32)
uint8_t write_eeprom(int length) 
{
  // address is a word address, get the byte address
  int start = address * 2;
  int remaining = length;
  if (length > param.eepromsize) {
    error++;
    return STK_FAILED;
  }
  while (remaining > EECHUNK) {
    write_eeprom_chunk(start, EECHUNK);
    start += EECHUNK;
    remaining -= EECHUNK;
  }
  write_eeprom_chunk(start, remaining);
  return STK_OK;
}

// write (length) bytes, (start) is a byte address
uint8_t write_eeprom_chunk(int start, int length) 
{
  // this writes byte-by-byte,
  // page writing may be faster (4 bytes at a time)
  fill(length);
  prog_lamp(LOW);
  for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
    int addr = start+x;
    // do e2prom program here
    // donothing for lgt8fx8d series
    delay(45);
  }
  prog_lamp(HIGH); 
  return STK_OK;
}

void program_page() 
{
  char result = (char) STK_FAILED;

  // get length
  uint16_t length = getch() << 8;
  length += getch();

  char memtype = getch();
  // flash memory @address, (length) bytes
  if (memtype == 'F') {
    write_flash(length);
    return;
  }
  if (memtype == 'E') {
    result = (char)write_eeprom(length);
    if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
      Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
      Serial.print(result);
    } 
    else {
      error++;
      Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
    }
    return;
  }
  Serial.print((char)STK_FAILED);
  return;
}

char flash_read_page(int length)
{
  int addr = address / 2;
  /*
  lgt8fx8p的flash是按4字节编址的，而avr是按2字节编址的，avrdude传过来的是按2字节编址的address
  avrisp()函数中也有证实：
  case 'U': // set address (word)
  */
  
  SWD_EEE_CSEQ(0x00, 0x01);
  
  uint32_t data;
  for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
      if (i % 4 == 0)
        {
          data = SWD_EEE_Read(addr);
          ++addr;
        }
      Serial.print((char)((uint8_t *)&data)[i % 4]);
    }
  
  SWD_EEE_CSEQ(0x00, 0x01);
  
  return STK_OK;
}

char eeprom_read_page(uint16_t length) 
{
  // address again we have a word address
  uint16_t start = address * 2;
  for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
    uint16_t addr = start + x;
    // do ep2rom read here
    // but donothing for lgt8fx8d series (by now...)
    Serial.print((char) 0xff);
  }
  return STK_OK;
}

void read_page() 
{
  char result = (char)STK_FAILED;

  uint16_t length = getch() << 8;
  length += getch();
  char memtype = getch();
  if (CRC_EOP != getch()) {
    error++;
    Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
    return;
  }
  Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);

  if (memtype == 'F') result = flash_read_page(length);
  if (memtype == 'E') result = eeprom_read_page(length);
  Serial.print(result);
  return;
}

void read_signature() 
{
  if (CRC_EOP != getch()) {
    error++;
    Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
    return;
  }
  
  Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
  Serial.print((char) 0x1e);
  Serial.print((char) 0x95);
  Serial.print((char) 0x0a);
  Serial.print((char) STK_OK);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////


////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////
volatile uint8_t chip_erased;
int avrisp() 
{ 
  uint8_t data, low, high;
  uint8_t ch = getch();
  switch (ch) {
  case '0': // signon
    error = 0;
    empty_reply();
    break;
  case '1':
    if (getch() == CRC_EOP) {
      Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
      Serial.print("AVR ISP");
      Serial.print((char) STK_OK);
    } else {
      error++;
      Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
    }
    break;
  case 'A':
    get_version(getch());
    break;
  case 'B':	// optional for lgt8fx8d series
    fill(20);
    set_parameters();
    empty_reply();
    break;
  case 'E': // extended parameters - ignore for now
    fill(5);
    empty_reply();
    break;

  case 'P':
    if (pmode) {
      pulse(LED_ERR, 3);
    } else {
      start_pmode(0);
      chip_erased = 0;
    }
    if (pmode)
      empty_reply();
    else
      {
        if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
          Serial.print((char)STK_INSYNC);
          Serial.print((char)STK_FAILED);
        } 
        else {
          error++;
          Serial.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
        }
      }
    break;
  case 'U': // set address (word)
    address = getch();
    address += (getch() << 8);
    empty_reply();
    break;
  case 0x60: //STK_PROG_FLASH
    low = getch();
    high = getch();
    empty_reply();
    break;
  case 0x61: //STK_PROG_DATA
    data = getch();
    empty_reply();
    break;
  case 0x64: //STK_PROG_PAGE
    if (!chip_erased)
      {
        error = 0;
        end_pmode();
        start_pmode(1);
        chip_erased = 1;
      }
    program_page();
    break;
  case 0x74: //STK_READ_PAGE 't'
    read_page();    
    break;
  case 'V': //0x56
    universal();
    break;
  case 'Q': //0x51
    error=0;
    end_pmode();
    empty_reply();
    break;
  case 0x75: //STK_READ_SIGN 'u'
    read_signature();
    break;
    // expecting a command, not CRC_EOP
    // this is how we can get back in sync
  case CRC_EOP:
    error++;
    Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
    break;

    // anything else we will return STK_UNKNOWN
  default:
    error++;
    if (CRC_EOP == getch()) 
      Serial.print((char)STK_UNKNOWN);
    else
      Serial.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
  }
}

[bmentink]

THanks, these are the examples I have:

So just put the above code on the LGT board that has to act as ISP, right?
In that case, what is the LGTISP.ino I put on from github do then?

[hmeijdam]

LGTISP.ino may be a newer or older version. I have not used it myself as I usually grab my dedicated SWDICE programmer.

The sketch I just uploaded here I have used a while back. But I just found my box with LGT's so let me try if it still works.

[bmentink]

Thanks will wait. Meantime I tried connecting the programming pins at the end of the board to the target board pins, but that did not work either. So Still unsure of pin connections.

[hmeijdam]

Just tested and works fine

First burn the LarduinoISP.ino to your working Nano

Then hook it up like

// pin name:    Programmer NANO         Target LGT8FX8P:
// reset:                   10:            PC6/RESET 
// SWD:                     12:           PE2/SWD
// SWC:                     13:           PE0/SCK

Keep AVRISP as programmer and press "burn Bootloader"

I burned it to a "promini style" LGT board, as my second Nano has no pinheaders yet. But you will select the board you have to get the bootloader that goes with your board.

[bmentink]

First burn the LarduinoISP.ino to your working Nano

I keep teling you, I am not using an Arduino Nano as ISP, I am using LGT Nano, do I still use pins 10,12,13 on the ISP side ?

[hmeijdam]

I also used LGT Nano

[bmentink]

Well I get this using those pinouts:

avrdude error: programmer is not responding
avrdude warning: attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude warning: ignoring mismatch in unused bits of lock
        (device 0xff != input 0x3f); to prevent this warning set
        unused bits to 1 when writing (double check with datasheet)
avrdude error: programmer is not responding
avrdude warning: attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude warning: ignoring mismatch in unused bits of lock
        (device 0xff != input 0x3f); to prevent this warning set
        unused bits to 1 when writing (double check with datasheet)

[bmentink]

I have to go out, will pick this up later. Thanks for the help.

[hmeijdam]

This is how I wired it up

[bmentink]

I have exactly that!

[bmentink]

I'm back now if you have any more suggestions. I am using LarduinoISP.ino, but LGTISP.ino does not work either.

[dbuezas]

Have you seen the tutorial in this repo?
https://github.com/dbuezas/lgt8fx/blob/master/lgt8f/libraries/LarduinoISP/readme.md

[hmeijdam]

Well I get this using those pinouts:

avrdude error: programmer is not responding
avrdude warning: attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude warning: ignoring mismatch in unused bits of lock
        (device 0xff != input 0x3f); to prevent this warning set
        unused bits to 1 when writing (double check with datasheet)
avrdude error: programmer is not responding
avrdude warning: attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude warning: ignoring mismatch in unused bits of lock
        (device 0xff != input 0x3f); to prevent this warning set
        unused bits to 1 when writing (double check with datasheet)

The only way how I can get your error is when I do not upload LarduinoISP to the LGT-Nano.

When I upload LarduinoISP to it and do not connect a target I get this error instead

Arduino: 1.8.19 (Windows 10), Board: "LGT8F328, 250 (to burn ISP), Internal 32MHz, 1, 328P-SSOP20 (e.g. green pseudo pro mini), 57600"

E:\Arduino\arduino-1.8.19\portable\packages\MiniCore\tools\avrdude\7.2-arduino.1/bin/avrdude -CE:\Arduino\arduino-1.8.19\portable\packages\MiniCore\tools\avrdude\7.2-arduino.1/etc/avrdude.conf -v -patmega328p -cstk500v1 -PCOM20 -e -Ulock:w:0x3f:m -Uefuse:w:0xff:m -Uhfuse:w:0xff:m -Ulfuse:w:0xff:m 

<<<< snip  - non informative part >>>>

avrdude stk500_program_enable() error: unable to enter programming mode
avrdude main() error: initialization failed, rc=-1
        - double check the connections and try again
        - use -B to set lower the bit clock frequency, e.g. -B 125kHz
        - use -F to override this check
avrdude done.  Thank you.

When I connect a target everything works 100%, even without the capacitor or disabled reset pin.

The only other difference I see is that I work on Arduino IDE V1.8.19 as I cannot upgrade to IDE V2 (it has no portable IDE anymore)

[bmentink]

Ok, trying again. I uploaded LarduinoISP to a working LGT sucessfully. Then without connecting target, I try to burn bootloader, I get this error:

avrdude error: unable to enter programming mode
avrdude error: initialization failed, rc=-1
        - double check the connections and try again
        - use -B to set lower the bit clock frequency, e.g. -B 125kHz
        - use -F to override this check
Failed chip erase: uploading error: exit status 1

Looks same as yours, except I am on MacOS not Windoze ...

[hmeijdam]

And what happens if you now connect one of your known working and one of your known not working targets?
The communication between the programmer and your Mac seems to be working.

[bmentink]

I get the error above. Maybe it's just a dud board?

avrdude error: programmer is not responding
avrdude warning: attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude warning: ignoring mismatch in unused bits of lock
        (device 0xff != input 0x3f); to prevent this warning set
        unused bits to 1 when writing (double check with datasheet)
avrdude error: programmer is not responding
avrdude warning: attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude warning: ignoring mismatch in unused bits of lock
        (device 0xff != input 0x3f); to prevent this warning set
        unused bits to 1 when writing (double check with datasheet)

Edit, that's the non-working board, I will try a good board next.

[bmentink]

Nope, new working board does the same thing.

[hmeijdam]

I start to suspect faulty breadboard wires or some HW problem.

[LaZsolt]

In my opinion the the communication speed is the source of the issue.
The LarduinoISP.ino in line 88 set the speed to 115200,

lgt8fx/lgt8f/libraries/LarduinoISP/examples/LarduinoISP/LarduinoISP.ino

Line 88 in 307d152

Serial.begin(115200);

but the programmers.txt set the speed to 19200 baud.

lgt8fx/lgt8f/programmers.txt

Line 13 in 307d152

avrisp.speed=19200

[dbuezas]

With the old IDE (v1.8.19) the ISP works fine as is. It has happened to me that it failed to work, but the reason ended up being that the boards were fried.