Subnet EVM

Avalanche is a network composed of multiple blockchains. Each blockchain is an instance of a Virtual Machine (VM), much like an object in an object-oriented language is an instance of a class. That is, the VM defines the behavior of the blockchain.

Subnet EVM is the Virtual Machine (VM) that defines the Subnet Contract Chains. Subnet EVM is a simplified version of Coreth VM (C-Chain).

This chain implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine and supports Solidity smart contracts as well as most other Ethereum client functionality.

Building

The Subnet EVM runs in a separate process from the main AvalancheGo process and communicates with it over a local gRPC connection.

AvalancheGo Compatibility

[v0.1.0] AvalancheGo@v1.7.0-v1.7.4
[v0.1.1-v0.1.2] AvalancheGo@v1.7.5-v1.7.6
[v0.2.0] AvalancheGo@v1.7.7-v1.7.9

API

The Subnet EVM supports the following API namespaces:

• eth
• personal
• txpool
• debug

Only the eth namespace is enabled by default. Full documentation for the C-Chain's API can be found here.

Compatibility

The Subnet EVM is compatible with almost all Ethereum tooling, including Remix, Metamask and Truffle.

Differences Between Subnet EVM and Coreth

• Added configurable fees and gas limits in genesis
• Merged Avalanche hardforks into the single "Subnet EVM" hardfork
• Removed Atomic Txs and Shared Memory
• Removed Multicoin Contract and State

Setting the Genesis Allocation

When creating an instance of the subnet-evm, you will need to define the genesis state of the new chain. Part of this includes defining the genesis allocation (setting the starting balances for whatever addresses you want). If you don't provide any genesis allocation, you won't be able to interact with your new chain (all transactions require a fee to be paid from the sender's balance).

To specify a genesis allocation, populate the alloc field in the genesis JSON as follows:

  "alloc": {
    "8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC": {
      "balance": "0x52B7D2DCC80CD2E4000000"
    },
    "Ab5801a7D398351b8bE11C439e05C5B3259aeC9B": {
      "balance": "0xa796504b1cb5a7c0000"
    }
  },

The keys in the allocation are hex addresses without the canonical 0x prefix. The balances are denominated in Wei (10^18 Wei = 1 Whole Unit of Native Token) and expressed as hex strings with the canonical 0x prefix. You can use this converter to translate between decimal and hex numbers.

The above example yields the following genesis allocations (denominated in whole units of the native token ie. 1 AVAX/1 WAGMI):

0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC: 100000000 (0x52B7D2DCC80CD2E4000000=100000000000000000000000000 Wei)
0xAb5801a7D398351b8bE11C439e05C5B3259aeC9B: 49463

A fully populated genesis JSON with the above allocation would look like (note the alloc field):

{
  "config": {
    "chainId": 99999,
    "homesteadBlock": 0,
    "eip150Block": 0,
    "eip150Hash": "0x2086799aeebeae135c246c65021c82b4e15a2c451340993aacfd2751886514f0",
    "eip155Block": 0,
    "eip158Block": 0,
    "byzantiumBlock": 0,
    "constantinopleBlock": 0,
    "petersburgBlock": 0,
    "istanbulBlock": 0,
    "muirGlacierBlock": 0,
    "subnetEVMTimestamp": 0,
    "feeConfig": {
      "gasLimit": 20000000,
      "minBaseFee": 1000000000,
      "targetGas": 100000000,
      "baseFeeChangeDenominator": 48,
      "minBlockGasCost": 0,
      "maxBlockGasCost": 10000000,
      "targetBlockRate": 2,
      "blockGasCostStep": 500000
    },
  },
  "alloc": {
    "8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC": {
      "balance": "0x52B7D2DCC80CD2E4000000"
    },
    "Ab5801a7D398351b8bE11C439e05C5B3259aeC9B": {
      "balance": "0xa796504b1cb5a7c0000"
    }
  },
  "nonce": "0x0",
  "timestamp": "0x0",
  "extraData": "0x00",
  "gasLimit": "0x1312D00",
  "difficulty": "0x0",
  "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "number": "0x0",
  "gasUsed": "0x0",
  "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}

Setting a Custom Fee Recipient

By default, all fees are burned (sent to the blackhole address). However, it is possible to enable block producers to set a fee recipient (get compensated for blocks they produce).

To enable this feature, you'll need to add the following to your genesis file (under the "config" key):

{
  "config": {
    "allowFeeRecipients":true
  }
}

Next, you'll need to update your chain config with the following:

{
  "feeRecipient":"<YOUR 0x-ADDRESS>"
}

Note: If you enable this feature but a validator doesn't specify a "feeRecipient", the fees will be burned in blocks they produce.

Priority Regossip

A transaction is "regossiped" when the node does not find the transaction in a block after tx-regossip-frequency (defaults to 1m). By default, up to 16 transactions (max 1 per address) are regossiped to validators per minute.

Operators can use "priority regossip" to more aggressively "regossip" transactions for a set of important addresses (like bridge relayers). To do so, you'll need to update your chain config with the following:

{
  "tx-priority-regossip-addresses":["<YOUR 0x-ADDRESS>"]
}

By default, up to 32 transactions from priority addresses (max 16 per address) are regossipped to validators per second. You can override these defaults with the following config:

{
  "tx-priority-regossip-frequency":"1s",
  "tx-priority-regossip-max-size":32,
  "tx-priority-regossip-addresses":["<YOUR 0x-ADDRESS>"],
  "tx-priority-regossip-address-txs":16
}

Precompiles

Subnet EVM can provide custom functionalities with precompiled contracts. These precompiled contracts can be activated through ChainConfig (in genesis or as an upgrade).

Restricting Smart Contract Deployers

If you'd like to restrict who has the ability to deploy contracts on your subnet, you can provide an AllowList configuration in your genesis file:

{
  "config": {
    "chainId": 99999,
    "homesteadBlock": 0,
    "eip150Block": 0,
    "eip150Hash": "0x2086799aeebeae135c246c65021c82b4e15a2c451340993aacfd2751886514f0",
    "eip155Block": 0,
    "eip158Block": 0,
    "byzantiumBlock": 0,
    "constantinopleBlock": 0,
    "petersburgBlock": 0,
    "istanbulBlock": 0,
    "muirGlacierBlock": 0,
    "subnetEVMTimestamp": 0,
    "feeConfig": {
      "gasLimit": 20000000,
      "minBaseFee": 1000000000,
      "targetGas": 100000000,
      "baseFeeChangeDenominator": 48,
      "minBlockGasCost": 0,
      "maxBlockGasCost": 10000000,
      "targetBlockRate": 2,
      "blockGasCostStep": 500000
    },
    "contractDeployerAllowListConfig": {
      "blockTimestamp": 0,
      "adminAddresses":["0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC"]
    }
  },
  "alloc": {
    "8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC": {
      "balance": "0x52B7D2DCC80CD2E4000000"
    }
  },
  "nonce": "0x0",
  "timestamp": "0x0",
  "extraData": "0x00",
  "gasLimit": "0x1312D00",
  "difficulty": "0x0",
  "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "number": "0x0",
  "gasUsed": "0x0",
  "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}

In this example, 0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC is named as the Admin of the ContractDeployerAllowList. This enables them to add other Admins or to add Deployers. Both Admins and Deployers can deploy contracts. To provide a great UX with factory contracts, the tx.Origin is checked for being a valid deployer instead of the caller of CREATE. This means that factory contracts will still be able to create new contracts as long as the sender of the original transaction is an allow listed deployer.

The Stateful Precompile powering the ContractDeployerAllowList adheres to the following Solidity interface at 0x0200000000000000000000000000000000000000 (you can load this interface and interact directly in Remix):

// (c) 2022-2023, Ava Labs, Inc. All rights reserved.
// See the file LICENSE for licensing terms.

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface AllowListInterface {
    // Set [addr] to have the admin role over the allow list
    function setAdmin(address addr) external;

    // Set [addr] to be enabled on the allow list
    function setEnabled(address addr) external;

    // Set [addr] to have no role over the allow list
    function setNone(address addr) external;

    // Read the status of [addr]
    function readAllowList(address addr) external view returns (uint256);
}

If you attempt to add a Deployer and you are not an Admin, you will see something like:

If you attempt to deploy a contract but you are not an Admin not a Deployer, you will see something like:

The allow list has three roles: None, Deployer, and Admin.

If you call readAllowList(addr) then you can read the current role of addr, which will return a uint256 with a value of 0, 1, or 2, corresponding to the roles None, Deployer, and Admin respectively.

WARNING: if you remove all of the admins from the allow list, it will no longer be possible to update the allow list without modifying the subnet-evm to schedule a network upgrade.

Minting Native Coins

You can mint native(gas) coins with a precompiled contract. In order to activate this feature, you can provide nativeMinterConfig in genesis:

{
  "config": {
    "chainId": 99999,
    "homesteadBlock": 0,
    "eip150Block": 0,
    "eip150Hash": "0x2086799aeebeae135c246c65021c82b4e15a2c451340993aacfd2751886514f0",
    "eip155Block": 0,
    "eip158Block": 0,
    "byzantiumBlock": 0,
    "constantinopleBlock": 0,
    "petersburgBlock": 0,
    "istanbulBlock": 0,
    "muirGlacierBlock": 0,
    "subnetEVMTimestamp": 0,
    "feeConfig": {
      "gasLimit": 20000000,
      "minBaseFee": 1000000000,
      "targetGas": 100000000,
      "baseFeeChangeDenominator": 48,
      "minBlockGasCost": 0,
      "maxBlockGasCost": 10000000,
      "targetBlockRate": 2,
      "blockGasCostStep": 500000
    },
    "contractNativeMinterConfig": {
      "blockTimestamp": 0,
      "adminAddresses":["0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC"]
    }
  },
  "alloc": {
    "8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC": {
      "balance": "0x52B7D2DCC80CD2E4000000"
    }
  },
  "nonce": "0x0",
  "timestamp": "0x0",
  "extraData": "0x00",
  "gasLimit": "0x1312D00",
  "difficulty": "0x0",
  "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "number": "0x0",
  "gasUsed": "0x0",
  "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}

adminAddresses denotes admin accounts who can add other Admin or Minter accounts. Minters and Admins are both eligible to mint native coins for other addresses. ContractNativeMinter uses same methods as in ContractDeployerAllowList.

The Stateful Precompile powering the ContractNativeMinter adheres to the following Solidity interface at 0x0200000000000000000000000000000000000001 (you can load this interface and interact directly in Remix):

// (c) 2022-2023, Ava Labs, Inc. All rights reserved.
// See the file LICENSE for licensing terms.

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface NativeMinterInterface {
    // Set [addr] to have the admin role over the minter list
    function setAdmin(address addr) external;

    // Set [addr] to be enabled on the minter list
    function setEnabled(address addr) external;

    // Set [addr] to have no role over the minter list
    function setNone(address addr) external;

    // Read the status of [addr]
    function readAllowList(address addr) external view returns (uint256);

    // Mint [amount] number of native coins and send to [addr]
    function mintNativeCoin(address addr, uint256 amount) external;
}

Note: Both ContractDeployerAllowList and ContractNativeMinter can be used together.

Examples

Subnet-EVM contains example contracts for precompiles under /contract-examples. It's a hardhat project with tests, tasks. For more information see contract examples README.

Run Local Network

scripts/run.sh automatically installs [avalanchego], sets up a local network, and creates a subnet-evm genesis file.

# to startup a local cluster (good for development)
cd ${HOME}/go/src/github.com/ava-labs/subnet-evm
./scripts/run.sh 1.7.7 0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC

The private key for the ewoq address (0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC) is 0x56289e99c94b6912bfc12adc093c9b51124f0dc54ac7a766b2bc5ccf558d8027.

Once the the network is started up, the following info will be printed to the console:

Logs Directory: /var/folders/mp/6jm81gc11dv3xtcwxmrd8mcr0000gn/T/runnerlogs2402729383
PID: 90118

EVM Chain ID: 99999
Funded Address: 0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC
RPC Endpoints:
- http://localhost:53423/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/rpc
- http://localhost:53425/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/rpc
- http://localhost:53427/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/rpc
- http://localhost:53429/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/rpc
- http://localhost:53431/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/rpc

WS Endpoints:
- ws://localhost:53423/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/ws
- ws://localhost:53425/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/ws
- ws://localhost:53427/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/ws
- ws://localhost:53429/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/ws
- ws://localhost:53431/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/ws

MetaMask Quick Start:
Funded Address: 0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC
Network Name: Local EVM
RPC URL: http://localhost:53423/ext/bc/AHdWCyWDaudRX4JkHNgpzyMFdhHK7iEgB4HHMTuarzWghkAdg/rpc
Chain ID: 99999
Curreny Symbol: LEVM

You can then ping the local cluster or add the network to MetaMask:

curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:61278/ext/bc/2Z36RnQuk1hvsnFeGWzfZUfXNr7w1SjzmDQ78YxfTVNAkDq3nZ/rpc' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "eth_blockNumber",
    "params":[],
    "id": 1
}'
<<COMMENT
{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": 1,
    "result": "0x0"
}
COMMENT

To terminate the cluster, kill the PID:

kill -2 55547

Load Simulator

When building developing your own blockchain using subnet-evm, you may want to analyze how your fee paramterization behaves and/or how many resources your VM uses under different load patterns. For this reason, we developed cmd/simulator. cmd/simulator lets your drive arbitrary load across any number of [endpoints] with a user-specified concurrency, base-fee, and priority-fee.

To get started, open the directory cmd/simulator and add your network's endpoints to the file at .simulator/config.yml (these will be provided after running ./scripts/run.sh):

endpoints:
- http://localhost:9650/ext/bc/my-chain/rpc
base-fee: 25
priority-fee: 1
concurrency: 10

Once your config is specified, you can run the tool by either invoking go run main.go or by installing the tool (go install -v .) and running the binary (simulator).

To make getting started easier, the ewoq key 0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC has been pre-added to the simulator key directory and can be added to genesis during local network creation (./scripts/run.sh 1.7.7 0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC). If you do not add this key to genesis, you'll need to manually fund the master account when prompted in the terminal.

The private key for the ewoq address (0x8db97C7cEcE249c2b98bDC0226Cc4C2A57BF52FC) is 0x56289e99c94b6912bfc12adc093c9b51124f0dc54ac7a766b2bc5ccf558d8027.

If you followed the directions successfully, you should see the following:

2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded config (endpoints=[http://localhost:53120/ext/bc/367dTowpd77GrwTsxcnw7EPPzkAQVnFqga4EQxHPUxcBBNjCQ/rpc http://localhost:53122/ext/bc/367dTowpd77GrwTsxcnw7EPPzkAQVnFqga4EQxHPUxcBBNjCQ/rpc http://localhost:53124/ext/bc/367dTowpd77GrwTsxcnw7EPPzkAQVnFqga4EQxHPUxcBBNjCQ/rpc http://localhost:53126/ext/bc/367dTowpd77GrwTsxcnw7EPPzkAQVnFqga4EQxHPUxcBBNjCQ/rpc http://localhost:53128/ext/bc/367dTowpd77GrwTsxcnw7EPPzkAQVnFqga4EQxHPUxcBBNjCQ/rpc] concurrency=1000 base fee=1 priority fee=250)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0x27a0D44AC25233652c02b1a92dD2C7D46059b053 (balance=100000000000000000000000000 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xdea66C24b333E0aAfD1fFA828976D8C666D73d77 (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xe15BCae0612A6fbf3f7dF99dD4Ab3FE88A33b759 (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xe2848eF46c89d235d66021d82d80DeBB009Ee787 (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xeAB317a6525298c862A07EE66A9Ea772C549834D (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xeAfA0Aa4e5f2F55C55dc32E41b87C11fBFF8770C (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xf4ee33ABa173E95179D48A0b3D52623d8b239Ba9 (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xf7C811A6563eb527e2AfF6026A11EE17994eF9F5 (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xfD27a32854e612D62858a5ac520a5f17A4d223c7 (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xfD757bc4966BB48321928a8c64A3113B682AEADa (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xfE8458B6cFA844B55331511b785cED82EBF56630 (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 loaded worker 0xfc5649FE1FC631d6B8e1D48B21300F2E8F3508E5 (balance=0 nonce=0)
2022/03/14 08:13:32 [block created] index: 0 base fee: 1 block gas cost: <nil> block txs: 0
2022/03/14 08:13:34 [block created] index: 1 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 0 block txs: 1
2022/03/14 08:13:34 [block created] index: 2 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 0 block txs: 1
2022/03/14 08:13:34 [stats] historical TPS: 1.000000 last 10s TPS: 0.100000 total txs: 2 total time(s): 2
2022/03/14 08:13:36 [block created] index: 3 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 0 block txs: 1
2022/03/14 08:13:36 [stats] historical TPS: 0.750000 last 10s TPS: 0.200000 total txs: 3 total time(s): 4
.....
2022/03/14 08:17:36 [block created] index: 125 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 2000000 block txs: 101
2022/03/14 08:17:36 [stats] historical TPS: 30.409836 last 10s TPS: 49.900000 total txs: 7420 total time(s): 244
2022/03/14 08:17:38 0x7A3Bba23Db6247E4474D9bFF4C11bB755137276d requesting funds from master
2022/03/14 08:17:38 [block created] index: 126 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 2000000 block txs: 101
2022/03/14 08:17:38 [stats] historical TPS: 30.573171 last 10s TPS: 50.000000 total txs: 7521 total time(s): 246
2022/03/14 08:17:40 0x44461F32FeCa6c5a0De1DEF46FD170325464e0fE requesting funds from master
2022/03/14 08:17:40 [block created] index: 127 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 2000000 block txs: 101
2022/03/14 08:17:40 [stats] historical TPS: 30.733871 last 10s TPS: 50.100000 total txs: 7622 total time(s): 248
2022/03/14 08:17:40 0x77d027fA9E6B4a217247398abDdDA93bDeE38d30 requesting funds from master
2022/03/14 08:17:42 [block created] index: 128 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 2000000 block txs: 99
2022/03/14 08:17:42 [stats] historical TPS: 30.884000 last 10s TPS: 50.300000 total txs: 7721 total time(s): 250
2022/03/14 08:17:44 0x5f46A3E9D0A94351CE60e0205A9C4028eD9474c2 requesting funds from master
2022/03/14 08:17:44 0x7C51Ca57Ab8a3BbfE4C13a25683Ca0756eDb7f0A requesting funds from master
2022/03/14 08:17:44 [block created] index: 129 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 2000000 block txs: 101
2022/03/14 08:17:44 [stats] historical TPS: 31.039683 last 10s TPS: 50.200000 total txs: 7822 total time(s): 252
2022/03/14 08:17:46 [block created] index: 130 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 2000000 block txs: 99
2022/03/14 08:17:46 [stats] historical TPS: 31.185039 last 10s TPS: 50.300000 total txs: 7921 total time(s): 254
2022/03/14 08:17:48 0x6e0BdcdD7813A5eb2C2767D5FD5535a4358081ed requesting funds from master
2022/03/14 08:17:48 0x19499a0FdE9eAe40df7dd4108e174168a920499F requesting funds from master
2022/03/14 08:17:48 [block created] index: 131 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 2000000 block txs: 100
2022/03/14 08:17:48 [stats] historical TPS: 31.332031 last 10s TPS: 50.100000 total txs: 8021 total time(s): 256
2022/03/14 08:17:50 [block created] index: 132 base fee: 1 block gas cost: 2000000 block txs: 99
2022/03/14 08:17:50 [stats] historical TPS: 31.472868 last 10s TPS: 50.000000 total txs: 8120 total time(s): 258

Fuji Subnet Deployment

Ready to take the subnet-evm for a spin? Follow this tutorial and you can get your own EVM on your own subnet spun up on Fuji in a jiffy!

You can find an example of a genesis file to use when launching your own subnet-evm in the networks folder.

Prerequisites

• 1+ nodes running on Fuji (does not need to be a validator)
• subnet-cli installed
• subnet-cli private key with some Fuji AVAX (see faucet)

Build Binary

First, you'll need to compile the subnet-evm into a binary that AvalancheGo can interact with. To do this, run the following commands (assumes you don't yet have the subnet-evm repository downloaded):

git clone https://github.com/ava-labs/subnet-evm.git;
cd subnet-evm;
./scripts/build.sh build/srEXiWaHuhNyGwPUi444Tu47ZEDwxTWrbQiuD7FmgSAQ6X7Dy;

Move Binary

Once the subnet-evm binary is built, you'll need to move it to AvalancheGo's plugin directory (within the --build-dir) so it can be run by your node. When building from source, this defaults to ~/avalanchego/build/plugins. This build directory is structured as:

build-dir
|_avalanchego
    |_plugins
      |_evm

To put the subnet-evm binary in the right place, run the following command (assuming the avalanchego and subnet-evm repos are in the same folder):

mv ./subnet-evm/build/srEXiWaHuhNyGwPUi444Tu47ZEDwxTWrbQiuD7FmgSAQ6X7Dy ./avalanchego/build/plugins;

Run subnet-cli wizard

The easiest and fastest way to get your new subnet off the ground is to use the subnet-cli. This powerful CLI can add validators, create subnets, and create blockchains.

The subnet-cli DOES NOT need to be run on the same host where you are running your validator. By default, it interfaces exclusively with the public Avalanche API Endpoints.

To make it as easy as possible to get started, the subnet-cli also provides a wizard command that takes care of EVERYTHING for you. TL;DR, type one command and you'll have a subnet with a running subnet-evm instance 5 minutes later.

To make NodeID-XXXX a validator, create a subnet, add NodeID-XXXX to the subnet (comma separated with multiple validators), and create a subnet-evm-based blockhain, run the following command:

subnet-cli wizard \
--node-ids=NodeID-XXXX \
--vm-genesis-path=networks/11111/genesis.json \
--vm-id=srEXiWaHuhNyGwPUi444Tu47ZEDwxTWrbQiuD7FmgSAQ6X7Dy \
--chain-name=subnetevm

The vm-id was generated by calling subnet-cli create VMID subnetevm. You can use any value here, the only important thing is to make sure the binary you generate has the same name.

Add New Subnet to Node Whitelist

During the execution of the wizard command, you will be prompted to add your new subnetID to your node. This is done using the whitelisted-subnets config. You can provide the whitelisted-subnets argument by modifying your config file or providing an argument on startup.

Example Config File:

{
  "network-id":"fuji",
  "health-check-frequency":"2s",
  "log-display-level":"INFO",
  "log-level":"INFO",
  "whitelisted-subnets":"<PROVIDED BY SPACES-CLI>"
}

Example Node Args:

--whitelisted-subnets=<PROVIDED BY SPACES CLI> --network-id=fuji

Restart Node

Once you've updated your config, you'll need to restart your AvalancheGo node for the changes to take effect.

If you completed the steps successfully, you'll see the node print out:

INFO [01-25|16:47:04] chains/manager.go#246: creating chain:
    ID: 2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD
    VMID:sqja3uK17MJxfC7AN8nGadBw9JK5BcrsNwNynsqP5Gih8M5Bm
INFO [01-25|16:47:04] api/server/server.go#203: adding route /ext/bc/2JVSBoinj9C2J33VntvzYtVJNZdN2NKiwwKjcumHUWEb5DbBrm/events
INFO [01-25|16:47:04] api/server/server.go#203: adding route /ext/bc/2JVSBoinj9C2J33VntvzYtVJNZdN2NKiwwKjcumHUWEb5DbBrm
INFO [01-25|16:47:04] api/server/server.go#203: adding route /ext/bc/2JVSBoinj9C2J33VntvzYtVJNZdN2NKiwwKjcumHUWEb5DbBrm/wallet
INFO [01-25|16:47:04] <2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD Chain> snow/engine/snowman/transitive.go#67: initializing consensus engine
INFO [01-25|16:47:04] <2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD Chain> snow/engine/snowman/bootstrap/bootstrapper.go#225: Starting bootstrap...
INFO [01-25|16:47:04] <P Chain> snow/engine/snowman/bootstrap/bootstrapper.go#458: waiting for the remaining chains in this subnet to finish syncing
INFO [01-25|16:47:04] api/server/server.go#203: adding route /ext/bc/2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD/public
INFO [01-25|16:47:04] <2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD Chain> snow/engine/common/bootstrapper.go#235: Bootstrapping started syncing with 2 vertices in the accepted frontier
INFO [01-25|16:47:05] <2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD Chain> snow/engine/snowman/bootstrap/bootstrapper.go#419: bootstrapping fetched 69 blocks. Executing state transitions...
INFO [01-25|16:47:06] <2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD Chain> snow/engine/common/queue/jobs.go#181: executed 69 operations
INFO [01-25|16:47:06] <2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD Chain> snow/engine/snowman/transitive.go#354: bootstrapping finished with 2DUxceCx71L5TLTeLpKUQxSBVm8vTKPmFs2usAyRnusUzs4Q4M as the last accepted block

If you didn't put the subnet-evm binary in the right place, you'll see something like:

INFO [01-26|05:54:19] chains/manager.go#246: creating chain:
    ID: 2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD
    VMID:sqja3uK17MJxfC7AN8nGadBw9JK5BcrsNwNynsqP5Gih8M5Bm
ERROR[01-26|05:54:19] chains/manager.go#270: error creating chain 2AM3vsuLoJdGBGqX2ibE8RGEq4Lg7g4bot6BT1Z7B9dH5corUD: error while looking up VM: there is no ID with alias sqja3uK17MJxfC7AN8nGadBw9JK5BcrsNwNynsqP5Gih8M5Bm

Join the WAGMI Subnet Demo

Thanks to the @0xNeonMonsters for the logo!

The WAGMI ("We're All Going to Make It") Subnet Demo is a high throughput testbed for EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) optimizations. It is parameterized to run at a factor more capacity than Fuji/Mainnet C-Chain and will be used to experiment with release candidates before they make it into an official coreth release.

We created a basic WAGMI explorer that surfaces aggregated usage statistics about the subnet. If you'd like to see any other stats added to this site, please send a DM to @_patrickogrady on Twitter.

Everyone that has used the the C-Chain more than twice (~970k addresses) has been airdropped 10 WGM tokens. With the current fee parameterization, this should be enough for hundreds of txs.

This is one of the first cases of using Avalanche Subnets as a proving ground for changes in a production VM (coreth). Many underestimate how useful the isolation of subnets is for performing complex VM testing on a live network (without impacting the stability of the primary network).

Network Creation

To create WAGMI, all we had to do was run the following command:

subnet-cli wizard \
--node-ids=NodeID-9TCq8np31pHjjhGaHtLjs6ptYYPEt3LGb,NodeID-BrYXghQSu6KKGjuzhs3nrkcB46Wc2yYHy,NodeID-89UCR1CsPzzEHuknxhJHKxuFPNCyPz7Bu,NodeID-Hfm8gpD4DpCz4KTzt2osJPfFvu7az3qiD,NodeID-LkdxkfYhg6nSw1EEUxDUSYPXPwmr2cUet \
--vm-genesis-path=networks/11111/genesis.json \
--vm-id=srEXiWaHuhNyGwPUi444Tu47ZEDwxTWrbQiuD7FmgSAQ6X7Dy \
--chain-name=wagmi

This added these NodeIDs as validators on Fuji, created the WAGMI Subnet, added all validators to the WAGMI subnet, and created the WAGMI chain.

• SubnetID: 28nrH5T2BMvNrWecFcV3mfccjs6axM1TVyqe79MCv2Mhs8kxiY
• ChainID: 2ebCneCbwthjQ1rYT41nhd7M76Hc6YmosMAQrTFhBq8qeqh6tt

Network Parameters

Network ID: 11111
Chain ID: 11111
Block Gas Limit: 20,000,000 (2.5x C-Chain)
10s Gas Target: 100,000,000 (~6.67x C-Chain)
Min Fee: 1 GWei (4% of C-Chain)
Target Block Rate: 2s (Same as C-Chain)

Adding to MetaMask

Network Name: WAGMI
RPC URL: https://subnets.avax.network/wagmi/wagmi-chain-testnet/rpc
Chain ID: 11111
Symbol: WGM
Explorer: https://subnets.avax.network/wagmi/wagmi-chain-testnet/explorer

Wrapped WAGMI

Info

Address: 0x3Ee7094DADda15810F191DD6AcF7E4FFa37571e4
IPFS: /ipfs/QmVAuheeidjD2ktdX3sSHMQqSfcjtmca1g9jr7w9GQf7pU

Metadata

{"compiler":{"version":"0.5.17+commit.d19bba13"},"language":"Solidity","output":{"abi":[{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"src","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"guy","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"wad","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"dst","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"wad","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Deposit","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"src","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"dst","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"wad","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"src","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"wad","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Withdrawal","type":"event"},{"payable":true,"stateMutability":"payable","type":"fallback"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"name":"allowance","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"guy","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"wad","type":"uint256"}],"name":"approve","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"name":"balanceOf","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"decimals","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint8","name":"","type":"uint8"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[],"name":"deposit","outputs":[],"payable":true,"stateMutability":"payable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"dst","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"wad","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"src","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"dst","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"wad","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"wad","type":"uint256"}],"name":"withdraw","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}],"devdoc":{"methods":{}},"userdoc":{"methods":{}}},"settings":{"compilationTarget":{"contracts/wwagmi.sol":"WWAGMI"},"evmVersion":"istanbul","libraries":{},"optimizer":{"enabled":false,"runs":200},"remappings":[]},"sources":{"contracts/wwagmi.sol":{"keccak256":"0x0a6ce5559225d3c99db4a5e24777049df3c84886ba9a08147f23afae4261b509","urls":["bzz-raw://0aef254c65ae30b578256a7e2496ed18bf0cb68e97f5831050e17a2cf0192a7e","dweb:/ipfs/QmSwAbdnaYvrjDHTKnE3qBZ3smT7uipSSfSGBUiKWmNWEY"]}},"version":1}

Code

// Copyright (C) 2015, 2016, 2017 Dapphub

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// Contract name, token name, and token symbol modified by Ava Labs 2020

pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.6;

contract WWAGMI{
    string public name     = "Wrapped WAGMI";
    string public symbol   = "WWAGMI";
    uint8  public decimals = 18;

    event  Approval(address indexed src, address indexed guy, uint wad);
    event  Transfer(address indexed src, address indexed dst, uint wad);
    event  Deposit(address indexed dst, uint wad);
    event  Withdrawal(address indexed src, uint wad);

    mapping (address => uint)                       public  balanceOf;
    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint))  public  allowance;

    function() external payable {
        deposit();
    }
    function deposit() public payable {
        balanceOf[msg.sender] += msg.value;
        emit Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value);
    }
    function withdraw(uint wad) public {
        require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= wad);
        balanceOf[msg.sender] -= wad;
        msg.sender.transfer(wad);
        emit Withdrawal(msg.sender, wad);
    }

    function totalSupply() public view returns (uint) {
        return address(this).balance;
    }

    function approve(address guy, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
        allowance[msg.sender][guy] = wad;
        emit Approval(msg.sender, guy, wad);
        return true;
    }

    function transfer(address dst, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
        return transferFrom(msg.sender, dst, wad);
    }

    function transferFrom(address src, address dst, uint wad)
        public
        returns (bool)
    {
        require(balanceOf[src] >= wad);

        if (src != msg.sender && allowance[src][msg.sender] != uint(-1)) {
            require(allowance[src][msg.sender] >= wad);
            allowance[src][msg.sender] -= wad;
        }

        balanceOf[src] -= wad;
        balanceOf[dst] += wad;

        emit Transfer(src, dst, wad);

        return true;
    }
}